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Difference between revisions of "Cooking Fuels"
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| + | [[File:GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Basics about Cooking Energy|Basics]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Policy Advice on Cooking Energy|Policy Advice]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Planning Improved Cook Stove .28ICS.29 Interventions|Planning]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Improved Cookstoves .28ICS.29 Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (ICS Supply)]]| '''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cooking Energy Technologies and Practices|Technologies and Practices]]''' | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (Woodfuel Supply)]]| [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Climate Change]] | ||
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= Introduction Fuel Theory<br/> = | = Introduction Fuel Theory<br/> = | ||
| − | A household´s fuel choice is strongly influenced by the accessibility, affordability and convenience of the fuel, as well as dependent on the economic and technical options of a household and the respective social and cultural determination.<ref name="Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG">Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG</ref> For example, in many households, [[ | + | A household´s fuel choice is strongly influenced by the accessibility, affordability and convenience of the fuel, as well as dependent on the economic and technical options of a household and the respective social and cultural determination.<ref name="Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG">Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG</ref> For example, in many households, [[Cooking with Woodfuels (Firewood and Charcoal)|cooking with woodfuels]] is so deeply rooted in culture that other fuels have little appeal, although they might provide recognizable health and economic benefits. The table shows the different aspects that influence the household´s fuel choice. These aspects have to be carefully investigated during the [[Content of Planning Cookstove Interventions|planning phase]] of a household energy project and constantly observed during the project implementation.<br/> |
[[File:Determinants of fuel-stove choice, Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG.JPG|thumb|center|x285px|Determinants of fuel-stove choice, Source: Sepp (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG]] | [[File:Determinants of fuel-stove choice, Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG.JPG|thumb|center|x285px|Determinants of fuel-stove choice, Source: Sepp (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG]] | ||
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= Cooking Fuel Categories = | = Cooking Fuel Categories = | ||
| − | The next figure provides an overview of cooking fuels. Solid fuels are comprised of fossil fuels and solid biomass, such as coal. The solid biomass fuels can be differentiated into unprocessed fuels such as wood, agricultural residues and [[Cooking with Dung|dung]], with processed fuels further categorized into carbonized and un-carbonized fuels. Liquid fuels include [[Cooking with Kerosene|kerosene]], [[Cooking with Ethanol and Methanol|methanol, ethanol]] and [[Cooking with Plant Oil|plant oil]], whilst renewable gaseous fuels consist of [[ | + | The next figure provides an overview of cooking fuels. Solid fuels are comprised of fossil fuels and solid biomass, such as coal. The solid biomass fuels can be differentiated into unprocessed fuels such as wood, agricultural residues and [[Cooking with Dung|dung]], with processed fuels further categorized into carbonized and un-carbonized fuels. Liquid fuels include [[Cooking with Kerosene|kerosene]], [[Cooking with Ethanol and Methanol|methanol, ethanol]] and [[Cooking with Plant Oil|plant oil]], whilst renewable gaseous fuels consist of [[Cooking with Woodgas|woodgasand]] [[Cooking with Biogas|biogas]]. The fossil gaseous fuels are comprised of [[Cooking with Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)|petroleum gas (LPG)]] and natural gas. |
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= Energy Shelf = | = Energy Shelf = | ||
| − | Observations have shown that households [[ | + | Observations have shown that households [[Cooking with Liquid Fuels|prefer to use fuels such as LPG]], to increase their cooking options. Thus users increase their options using several choices, using several fuels concurrently. The parallel use of several fuels is also referred to as ‘fuel stacking’ or “energy shelf”, which appears to be a common household fuel choice decision. In terms of energy security, fuel stacking offers households a coping strategy with market price fluctuations and unreliable supply, for example a likely phenomenon for LPG. Additionally, various fuels are often used for certain cooking purposes, such as frying, stirring or simmering, within a household. Following the argumentation of fuel stacking, the aspect of “modern” refers to the processing procedure and related technology that make a fuel “modern” from the perspective of energy efficiency, convenience, health benefits and environmental impacts. Therefore, the “energy ladder hypothesis”, which assumes a linkage between the household income level and fuel choice, is obsolete, as the differentiation between “modern” and “traditional”<ref name="Barnes, D.F., K. Krutilla, and W.F. Hyde (2005): The urban household energy transition : social and environmental impacts in the developing world">Barnes, D.F., K. Krutilla, and W.F. Hyde (2005): The urban household energy transition : social and environmental impacts in the developing world </ref> fuels does not reflect the household’s fuel choice. |
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= Further Information<br/> = | = Further Information<br/> = | ||
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*Global Alliance of Clean Cookstoves:[http://cleancookstoves.org/binary-data/ATTACHMENT/file/000/000/52-1.pdf “Clean Fuels and the Global Alliance”]<br/> | *Global Alliance of Clean Cookstoves:[http://cleancookstoves.org/binary-data/ATTACHMENT/file/000/000/52-1.pdf “Clean Fuels and the Global Alliance”]<br/> | ||
*[[Cooking with Solid Fuels|Cooking with Solid Fuels]] | *[[Cooking with Solid Fuels|Cooking with Solid Fuels]] | ||
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Cooking with Gas|Cooking with Gas]] |
*[[Cooking with Liquid Fuels|Cooking with Liquid Fuels]] | *[[Cooking with Liquid Fuels|Cooking with Liquid Fuels]] | ||
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= References<br/> = | = References<br/> = | ||
| − | This article was originally published by [http://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/html/2769.html GIZ HERA]. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by <span data-scayt_word="giz" data-scaytid="58">GIZ</span> cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “[[ | + | This article was originally published by [http://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/html/2769.html GIZ HERA]. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by <span data-scayt_word="giz" data-scaytid="58">GIZ</span> cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|Cooking Energy Compendium]]” in the [[Imprint - GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|Imprint - GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]. |
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<references /> | <references /> | ||
| + | [[Category:Gaseous_Fuels]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Liquid_Fuels]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Solid_Biomass_Fuels]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Cooking_Energy]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium_(GIZ_HERA)]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Fossil_Fuel]] | ||
[[Category:Cooking_Fuels]] | [[Category:Cooking_Fuels]] | ||
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Revision as of 14:10, 20 December 2016
Basics | Policy Advice | Planning | Designing and Implementing (ICS Supply)| Technologies and Practices | Designing and Implementing (Woodfuel Supply)| Climate Change
Introduction Fuel Theory
A household´s fuel choice is strongly influenced by the accessibility, affordability and convenience of the fuel, as well as dependent on the economic and technical options of a household and the respective social and cultural determination.[1] For example, in many households, cooking with woodfuels is so deeply rooted in culture that other fuels have little appeal, although they might provide recognizable health and economic benefits. The table shows the different aspects that influence the household´s fuel choice. These aspects have to be carefully investigated during the planning phase of a household energy project and constantly observed during the project implementation.
Cooking Fuel Categories
The next figure provides an overview of cooking fuels. Solid fuels are comprised of fossil fuels and solid biomass, such as coal. The solid biomass fuels can be differentiated into unprocessed fuels such as wood, agricultural residues and dung, with processed fuels further categorized into carbonized and un-carbonized fuels. Liquid fuels include kerosene, methanol, ethanol and plant oil, whilst renewable gaseous fuels consist of woodgasand biogas. The fossil gaseous fuels are comprised of petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas.
Energy Shelf
Observations have shown that households prefer to use fuels such as LPG, to increase their cooking options. Thus users increase their options using several choices, using several fuels concurrently. The parallel use of several fuels is also referred to as ‘fuel stacking’ or “energy shelf”, which appears to be a common household fuel choice decision. In terms of energy security, fuel stacking offers households a coping strategy with market price fluctuations and unreliable supply, for example a likely phenomenon for LPG. Additionally, various fuels are often used for certain cooking purposes, such as frying, stirring or simmering, within a household. Following the argumentation of fuel stacking, the aspect of “modern” refers to the processing procedure and related technology that make a fuel “modern” from the perspective of energy efficiency, convenience, health benefits and environmental impacts. Therefore, the “energy ladder hypothesis”, which assumes a linkage between the household income level and fuel choice, is obsolete, as the differentiation between “modern” and “traditional”[2] fuels does not reflect the household’s fuel choice.
Further Information
- Global Alliance of Clean Cookstoves:“Clean Fuels and the Global Alliance”
- Cooking with Solid Fuels
- Cooking with Gas
- Cooking with Liquid Fuels
References
This article was originally published by GIZ HERA. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by GIZ cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “Cooking Energy Compendium” in the Imprint - GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium.
- ↑ Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG
