Difference between revisions of "Cooking Fuels"

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= Cooking Fuel Categories =
 
= Cooking Fuel Categories =
  
The next figure provides an overview of cooking fuels. Solid fuels are comprised of fossil fuels and solid biomass, such as coal. The solid biomass fuels can be differentiated into unprocessed fuels such as [[Cooking_with_Firewood|wood]], agricultural residues and [[Cooking with Dung|dung]], with processed fuels further categorized into [[Cooking_with_Charcoal|carbonized]]&nbsp; and un-carbonized fuels. Liquid fuels include [[Cooking with Kerosene|kerosene]], [[Cooking with Ethanol and Methanol|methanol, ethanol]] and [[Cooking with Plant Oil|plant oil]], whilst renewable gaseous fuels consist of [[Cooking_with_Woodgas|woodgas]] and [[Cooking with Biogas|biogas]]. The fossil gaseous fuels are comprised of [[Cooking with Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)|petroleum gas (LPG)]] and natural gas.
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The next figure provides an overview of cooking fuels. Solid fuels are comprised of fossil fuels and solid biomass, such as coal. The solid biomass fuels can be differentiated into unprocessed fuels such as [[Cooking with Firewood|wood]], agricultural residues and [[Cooking with Dung|dung]], with processed fuels further categorized into [[Cooking with Charcoal|carbonized]]&nbsp; and un-carbonized fuels. Liquid fuels include [[Cooking with Kerosene|kerosene]], [[Cooking with Ethanol and Methanol|methanol, ethanol]] and [[Cooking with Plant Oil|plant oil]], whilst renewable gaseous fuels consist of [[Cooking with Woodgas|woodgas]] and [[Cooking with Biogas|biogas]]. The fossil gaseous fuels are comprised of [[Cooking with Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)|petroleum gas (LPG)]] and natural gas.
  
 
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= Energy Shelf =
 
= Energy Shelf =
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Revision as of 10:16, 15 March 2017

GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png


Basics | Policy Advice | Planning | Designing and Implementing (ICS Supply)| Technologies and Practices | Designing and Implementing (Woodfuel Supply)| Climate Change


Introduction Fuel Theory

A household´s fuel choice is strongly influenced by the accessibility, affordability and convenience of the fuel, as well as dependent on the economic and technical options of a household and the respective social and cultural determination.[1] For example, in many households, cooking with woodfuels is so deeply rooted in culture that other fuels have little appeal, although they might provide recognizable health and economic benefits. The table shows the different aspects that influence the household´s fuel choice. These aspects have to be carefully investigated during the planning phase of a household energy project and constantly observed during the project implementation.

Determinants of fuel-stove choice, Source: Sepp (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG




Cooking Fuel Categories

The next figure provides an overview of cooking fuels. Solid fuels are comprised of fossil fuels and solid biomass, such as coal. The solid biomass fuels can be differentiated into unprocessed fuels such as wood, agricultural residues and dung, with processed fuels further categorized into carbonized  and un-carbonized fuels. Liquid fuels include kerosene, methanol, ethanol and plant oil, whilst renewable gaseous fuels consist of woodgas and biogas. The fossil gaseous fuels are comprised of petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas.


Overview on cooking fuels, Source: Roth (2014): Micro-gasification: Cooking with gas from dry biomass




Energy Shelf

Observations have shown that households prefer to use fuels such as LPG, to increase their cooking options. Thus users increase their options using several choices, using several fuels concurrently. The parallel use of several fuels is also referred to as ‘fuel stacking’ or “energy shelf”, which appears to be a common household fuel choice decision. In terms of energy security, fuel stacking offers households a coping strategy with market price fluctuations and unreliable supply, for example a likely phenomenon for LPG. Additionally, various fuels are often used for certain cooking purposes, such as frying, stirring or simmering, within a household. Following the argumentation of fuel stacking, the aspect of “modern” refers to the processing procedure and related technology that make a fuel “modern” from the perspective of energy efficiency, convenience, health benefits and environmental impacts. Therefore, the “energy ladder hypothesis”, which assumes a linkage between the household income level and fuel choice, is obsolete, as the differentiation between “modern” and “traditional”[2] fuels does not reflect the household’s fuel choice.



Further Information



References

This article was originally published by GIZ HERA. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by GIZ cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “Cooking Energy Compendium” in the Imprint - GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium.


  1. Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG
  2. Barnes, D.F., K. Krutilla, and W.F. Hyde (2005): The urban household energy transition : social and environmental impacts in the developing world

--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium