Toolbox on SPIS

Introduction

The Toolbox on Solar Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS) is designed to enable advisors, service providers and practitioners in the field of solar irrigation to provide broad hands-on guidance to end-users, policy-makers and financiers. Risks related to system efficiency, financial viability and the unsustainable use of water resources can thus be minimized. The Toolbox comprises informative modules supplemented with user-friendly software tools (calculations sheets, checklists, guidelines). read more

Modules and tools touch upon:

• assessing the water requirements,
• comparing the financial viability,
• determining farm profitability and payback of investment in SPIS,
• sustainably design and maintain a SPIS,
• highlight critical workmanship quality aspects,
• and many more.

TRAINING

APP

E-LEARNING

TUTORIAL VIDEOS

NEWSLETTER

TOOLBOX DOWNLOAD

HANDBOOK

ABBREVIATIONS

GLOSSARY

PASSWORD

Introduction

Most water pumps utilized for irrigation purposes worldwide are powered by engines run on fossil fuels (diesel, petrol, gas) or on electricity supplied from the grid. Fossil energy sources are limited and emissions from their utilization have negative climate impacts. At the same time, the electricity supply in many developing countries is often insufficient and unreliable or wholly absent in rural areas. Moreover, prices of solar panels have reduced while the quality has improved. Today, solar pumps for irrigation have become an economical, technical and environmentally viable alternative to conventional pumping systems. read more

However, major hindrance for the uptake of the technology is still a lack of information on solar pumps for irrigation and its relatively high investment costs. The knowledge on the potentials, limitations and risks of Solar-Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS) is incomplete among policy makers, producers and other stakeholders. For example, SPIS are seldom designed in a way that producer needs and site specific conditions (environmental, agronomic and technical aspects) are comprehensively addressed. Consequently, the potential of the technology is not optimized, or worse, has negative ecological and economic impacts.

A solar array used to pump water from the well (source: Lorentz Chili)

This manual provides up-to-date information on the technology and methods of promotion, as well as how to finance SPIS. Furthermore it gives insight into how SPIS are designed, set up and maintained. It is accompanied by a set of tools, such as maintenance checklists, data collection guidelines and design calculations. It strives to help find the optimal design of a system, thereby avoiding risks related to system efficiency, financial viability and the unsustainable use of water resources. The manual and tools target stakeholders who advise or finance medium-sized agricultural enterprises. These are agricultural (irrigation) extension advisors and credit officers / risk managers in financing institutions. Furthermore the manual support the advisory function of SPIS suppliers, by providing them with a holistic set of knowledge through which they can guide their clients towards a financially and environmentally sound decision.

The manual follows the course of action involved when giving advice on SPIS for an agricultural enterprise. It consists of this introduction and seven further modules. The modular approach enables the user to pick out specific information relevant to his/her situation. Each module however relates to and supplements the other modules.

• GET INFORMED specifies the components and common configurations of a SPIS. Each component is described in detail.

• PROMOTE & INITIATE provides important information and tips for someone who wants to promote the SPIS technology in a particular area. It focuses on the analysis of opportunities and risks, the stakeholders involved, as well as promotion strategies and activities.
  

• SAFEGUARD WATER focuses on water governance issues and potential negative impacts of (ground-)water depletion through solar pumping.
  

• FINANCE provides information to financial service providers financing or planning to finance SPIS. The module targets stakeholders at management level who decide on credit policies and loan officers who assess single loan applications for financing SPIS.

• DESIGN helps to select the suitable system configuration for a specific situation. A substantial set of tools helps to assess site conditions, select and design the appropriate type of SPIS and conduct a simplified financial viability assessment and calculates the detailed financial viability of the producer. 
  

• SET UP provides information and tools to enable the installation of a SPIS. It focuses on the selection of installers, acceptance and system tests as well as documentation and hand over of the system.

• MAINTAIN elaborates on maintenance plans, the selection of service providers, regular routines and documentation and monitoring.

Module Structure

The modules are all structured uniformly. It starts with the module aim and orientation and a brief description of the relevant process steps. These are processes that are recommended to be considered in a particular order. They are numbered and summarized in a flow diagram at the beginning of each module for easy reference read more

Structure of Each Process Step

Each step in the process of each module is described on one or two pages. The process step is concluded with an overview of the most relevant aspects:

• Outcome / products
• Data requirements;
• People and stakeholders involved;
• Important issues to be considered.

At the end of each module links for further readings and multimedia files are provided. This last page is also used to describe what tools supplement to the module. The tools are available online and users can adapt them to their specific needs.

Content of Modules

GET INFORMED	PROMOTE + INITIATE	SAFEGUARD WATER	FINANCE	DESIGN	SET UP	MAINTAIN
CHAPTERS
The solar alternative Specifics of solar energy	1. Analyze potentials and opportunities	1.Understanding groundwater	1. Credit policy : Analyze potential	1. Collect data on site	1. Select a suitable installer	1. Establish and refine maintenance plan
Irrigation principles SPIS	2. Analyze access to finance	2. Analyze water management and regulation	2. Credit Policy: Risk analysis	2. Analyze agricultural production options	2. Plan site preparation and installation	2. Select suitable service provider
1. Solar generator	3. Define target group and stakeholders	3. Analyze water extraction	3. Credit policy: Select/develop suitable financial instruments	3. Determine water requirements and availability	3. Install	3. Implement maintenance routines
2. Mounting structure	4. Define a promotion strategy	4. Explore cooperative water governance	4. Loan Assessment: Deter­mine fi­nancing volume and profita­bility	4. Select SPIS configuration	4. PVP ac­ceptance test	4. Implement and monitoring
3. Controller and inverter	5. Plan and implement promotion activities	5. Review potential risks and impacts	5. Loan assessment: Assess credit risk and collateral	5. Estimate system size and costs	5. System Test
4. Water Pump	6. Secure follow-up	6. Adjust planning and operation	6. Loan assessment: Adjust repay­ment plan to cash flow	6. Assess financial viability	6. Documentation
5. Monitoring system				7. Pre-select potential suppliers	7.Hand-over and user training
6. Reservoir				8. Evaluate quotations and assess quality
7. Irrigation head				9. Contract supplier
8. Fertigation system
9. Irrigation system
PROCESS STEPS
	PROMOTE 01 - SPIS Rapid Assessment	SAFEGUARD WATER 01 - Water Re­quirement Tool		DESIGN 01 - Site Data Collection Tool	SET UP 01 – PVP Acceptance Test	MAINTAIN 01 - Maintenance Checklist
		SAFEGUARD WATER 02 - Water Man­agement Tool		DESIGN 02 - SPIS Suitability Check Tool	SET UP 02 - Workmanship Quality Checklist	MAINTAIN 02 - Water Applica­tion Uniformity Field Guide
				DESIGN 03 - Solar Pump Siz­ing
				DESIGN 04 - Case Study Mr. Paolo
				DESIGN 05 - Pressure Loss Tool
				DESIGN 06 - Farm Analysis Tool
				DESIGN 07 - Simplified Financial Viability Tool

Overview of Tools

Name	Type	Description
PROMOTE 01 - SPIS Rapid Assessment	.doc	Table of Content for rapid assessment report on status SPIS in target area
SAFEGUARD WATER 01 - Water Requirement Tool	.xls	Basic water requirement calculation tools for crops and livestock
SAFEGUARD WATER 02 - Water Management Tool	.doc	List of questions to check if the water is managed sustainably
DESIGN 01 - Site Data Collection Tool	.xls	Questionnaire of 29 pages to collect technical, organizational and financial information on site
DESIGN 02 - SPIS Suitability Check Tool	.xls	Qualitative checklist on suitability of a site for SPIS
DESIGN 03 - Pump Sizing Tool	.xlsm	Excel calculation sheet to calculate pumping head and select pump type
DESIGN 04 - Case Study Mr. Paolo	.doc	Case study exercise to calculate design parameters and financial viability of a SPIS (Q & A)
DESIGN 05 - Pressure Loss Tool	.doc	Checklist on pressure losses in the conveyance and irrigation system
DESIGN 06- Farm Analysis Tool	.xlsm	Excel-based financial analysis tool for an agricultural enterprise
DESIGN 07- Simplified Financial Viability Calculation	.xlsm	Simplified Excel-based financial analysis tool for comparing different technologies against agricultural income
SET UP 01 - PVP Acceptance Test	.doc	Guideline to compare the installed with the actual capacity of the pump
SET UP 02- Workmanship Quality Checklist	.xls	Checklist on workmanship quality after installation of a SPIS
MAINTAIN 01 – Maintenance Checklist	.xls	List of questions to check if SPIS is properly maintained
MAINTAIN 02 - Water Application Uniformity Guide	.xls	Background to importance of uniform application of water and instructions to determine the water application uniformity for drip and sprinkler irrigation systems, with accompanying calculation sheet

Technical Glossary

• Click here to view the glossary

Abbreviations

• Click here to view the abbreviations

Imprint

The Toolbox for SPIS Advisors is made possible through the global initiative Powering Agriculture: An Energy Grand Challenge for Development (PAEGC). In 2012, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), Duke Energy, and the Overseas Private Investment Cooperation (OPIC) combined resources to create the PAEGC initiative. The objective of PAEGC is to support new and sustainable approaches to accelerate the development and deployment of clean energy solutions for increasing agriculture productivity and/or value for farmers and agribusinesses in developing countries and emerging regions that lack access to reliable, affordable clean energy.

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Published by
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) on behalf of BMZ

Author
GIZ Project “Sustainable Energy for Food – Powering Agriculture”

More information and contact
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